Hydrogen from sunlight?

This could be some good news, but...

Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production

Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean-energy economy. 

Basically, you have a cell that with sunlight will produce oxygen and hydrogen.  You can do that today efficiently with many different technology like we see below (source) 

So the question is, can this new technology match what we already can do?

Reading the article in details, you can see that you need those raw components :

• Electrodes
• titanium dioxide
• nickel-molybdenum
• gallium arsenide
• Membrane
• Plastic (oil from fossil fuel)

All those need to be mined, extracted, processed with energy mostly from fossil fuels based technology.

Those cells will only work when the sun is shining. Can only convert 10% of sunlight and works for 40 hours... So, it's costly, inefficient and produce waste.  

Quite typical of "Green" energy I would say.

Will this be able to compete with existing technology to produce hydrogen?  Probably not without large subsidies.

Comments?

Nexen pipeline leak in Alberta

How to report the news!

I was reading those news headlines and was wondering how the news was reported.  This is a good example of ALARM-ISM or how to report the news  in a way to make it appear more emotional and catastrophic.

This spill happened around the week of July 13th 2015, in Alberta near Fort McMurray.

You can read headlines like those on :
CBC.ca :

Nexen pipeline leak in Alberta spills 5 million litres
Nexen Energy spill south of Fort McMurray covers about 16,000 square metres

 Here's the detail of the article with my highlights I want to discuss:

One of the largest leaks in Alberta history has spilled about five million litres of emulsion from a Nexen Energy pipeline at the company's Long Lake oilsands facility south of Fort McMurray.

The leak was discovered Wednesday afternoon.

Nexen said in a statement its emergency response plan has been activated and personnel were onsite. The leak has been stabilized, the company said.

The spill covered an area of about 16,000 square metres, mostly within the pipeline corridor, the company said. Emulsion is a mixture of bitumen, water and sand.

The pipeline that leaked is called a "feeder" and runs from a wellhead to the processing plant.

"All necessary steps and precautions have been taken, and Nexen will continue to utilize all its resources to protect the health and safety of our employees, contractors, the public and the environment, and to contain and clean up the spill," the company said in the statement issued Thursday.

Peter Murchland, public affairs manager for the Alberta Energy Regulator, said officials were notified late Wednesday and had staff onsite Thursday to work with Nexen.

"My understanding is that the pipeline and pad site had been isolated and shut-in earlier today, effectively stopping the source of the release," Murchland said

Nexen has contained the leak and started cleaning up the area, he said. There was no word on how long that might take.

"They go through a cleanup phase in accordance with the regulations set by the AER," he said. "And we'll have our subject-matter experts work alongside the operator, today and going forward, to make sure that safety and environmental requirements are met."

The regulator's staff are there to oversee the company's cleanup efforts. Murchland said there have been no reports about any effect on wildlife. The regulator has ordered the company to implement a wildlife protection plan.
Premiers talks focus on energy, pipelines

Greenpeace issued a statement Thursday condemning Alberta's history of pipeline spills.

"As provincial premiers talk about ways to streamline the approval process for new tar sands pipelines, we have a stark reminder of how dangerous they can be," Greenpeace said in a news release.

Canada's premiers are meeting in St. John's, where a major topic of discussion is a national energy strategy.

"This leak is also a good reminder that Alberta has a long way to go to address its pipeline problems, and that communities have good reasons to fear having more built," said Greenpeace communications officer Peter Louwe. "New pipelines would also facilitate the expansion of the tarsands — Canada's fastest-growing source of carbon emissions — and accelerate the climate crisis even more.

"We need to stop new pipeline projects before they're built and focus on building renewable sources of energy that are sustainable and won't threaten communities, our environment, and the planet."

In April 2011, a Plains Midstream Canada ULC pipeline leaked 4.5 million litres of crude oil near a First Nations community in northwest Alberta.

That leak was the largest in the province in 35 years. It contaminated more than three hectares of beaver ponds and muskeg in a densely forested area.

So let's take the highlights one by one

• largest leaks in Alberta history
• Largest by how much, double, triple?  Just saying largest is a bit misleading. The article talks about the second largest at the end which was for 4.5 million litres instead of "around" 5.  So not a big difference considering you probably estimated the 5 million.  
• five million litres
• There are many ways of measuring volumes.  But if you want to capture the imagination using litres is the way to go!  5 millions, OMG.  5 millions litres is also 5000 cubic meter, less alarming.  Or another way of putting it, it's 8 seconds of the discharge of the nearby Athabaska river.  You can also measure it in barrels of oil, which is around 42 thousand.  For a comparison,  the proposed keystone XL pipeline would carry 830,000 barrels per day (1).  So this would be a spill of less than 2h of this pipeline. Ok enough said on the volume!
• Covered an area of about 16,000 square metres
• Here's another way of using as large a number as you can. What other area measure can you use?  You could have used 0.016 km^2.   Or you could have compared it to the area of Alberta in percentage...  0.0000024% (3) of Alberta was temporarily covered by oil that will be removed soon... Oh sorry, this is not alarming enough!  
• There was no word on how long that might take. 
•  The company web page is keeping the public informed on a daily basis of the progress of the clean-up: http://www.nexencnoocltd.com/en/Operations/OilSands/PipelineFailure.aspx
• no reports about any effect on wildlife.
•  This is a very small area and any animals probably already left.  According to steps taken, there's a lot of monitoring and measures taken to keep the wildlife away.
• As of July 28th: Continued wildlife monitoring, A single deceased mallard was found in the release area. The mallard was heavily decomposed and it is believed that it was deceased prior to the release. Nexen has notified the applicable regulators.
• Greenpeace... how dangerous they can be
•  I don't have great respect for this organization, taking every opportunity to destroy the reputation of companies they don't like.  Did they offer their help to protect the environment?  They have budgets of million of dollar, they could have sent a crew of people to help minimize the spill... nope!
• Pipelines remains the safest way to transport oil 

• We are getting better and better at transporting it (4)

•  "We need to stop new pipeline projects before they're built and focus on building renewable sources of energy that are sustainable and won't threaten communities, our environment, and the planet." 
• Please wake up greenpeace... renewable like wind and solar cannot be used to replace oil in all those services it provides:

1. Finished Motor Gasoline (51.4% – a bit more than the national average)
2. Distillate Fuel Oil (15.3%)
3. Jet Fuel (12.3%)
4. Still Gas (5.4%)
5. Marketable Coke (5.0%)
6. Residual Fuel Oil (3.3%)
7. Liquid Refinery Gas (2.8%)
8. Asphalt and Road Oil (1.7%)
9. Other Refined Products (1.5%)
10. Lubricants (0.9%)

•  Maybe we can use a bit more electric cars, but we are not there yet.  Maybe we can produce all those product by other means, but nothing proven and economically viable exist.

 Conclusions:

1. We need to put things in perspective.
2. This spill is not that important and clean-up is under way
3. We are getting cleaner and cleaner
4. Demand for oil will only grow since we have a growing population that needs it to get out of poverty and since we don't have yet other resources to use instead.
5. We need to concentrate on better detection and automatic valve closure to prevent those inside a few seconds of detection.  This is where we need more R&D and regulations. 

 References:

(1) http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2014/04/large-barrel-oil-measure-way/ 

(2) http://www.nexencnoocltd.com/en/AboutUs/MediaCentre/NewsReleases/News/Release.aspx?year=2015&release_id=B20D782F81434D58889FAE403811D758

(3) http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%2816000+square+meters%29++%2F+%28area+of+alberta+canada%29+*+100

(4) http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/161057/

St-Jérôme - Québec aller retour en Nissan Leaf

Nous avons maintenant des bornes de charge rapide entre Montréal et Québec, ceci nous permet maintenant de tester l'aller-retour avec notre Nissan Leaf.

Voici les bornes rapides en orange que nous allons utiliser
Source: http://www.plugshare.com/

Depuis Québec, nous allons faire 3 arrêts de charge sur la route :

• Québec Point 1: 64 km
• Point 1 à Point 2 : 61 km
• Point 2 à Point 3 : 92 km
• Point 3 retours à la Maison: 93 km

Donc avec une autonomie entre 100 et 130 km, dépendant de la température et autre condition, c'est très acceptable.


Je vais documenter à mon retour les temps de charge et couts pour l'aller et retour.

Global Warming - Climate change in image

Here's some nice pics about global warming or climate change:

If you want the sources, do a reverse lookup of the image here.

Click on image for full size

CO2 sous roche - Est-ce un bon choix ?

http://lecodechastenay.telequebec.tv/occurrence.aspx?id=687&ep=169

En 2014, la quantité de carbone dans l’atmosphère atteint des concentrations record de 400 ppm. L’idéal serait bien sûr de réduire nos émissions. Mais à défaut d’y arriver, les experts prônent le développement des techniques de captage et de stockage du CO2. Michel Malo, spécialiste de géologie structurale à l’INRS, étudie le sous-sol québécois pour identifier les meilleurs sites de stockage. Ceux-ci doivent contenir des roches poreuses permettant d’absorber le gaz, mais couvertes en plus de roches imperméables pour l’empêcher de remonter à la surface. Le site doit de plus être à proximité des industries polluantes. Le géologue crée des modèles informatiques pour prédire comment le gaz se comportera en ces lieux et évaluer les risques de fuite. Selon ses prédictions, la vallée du Saint-Laurent permettrait de séquestrer 3,5 milliards de tonnes de CO2, soit toutes les émissions du Québec pendant 75 ans.

Vidéo

Après avoir écouté le segment sur le CO2, je me suis pausé la question suivante... combien de °C de réchauffement climatique seraient "sauvés" si le Québec capturait tout son CO2 pendant 75 ans?

Les chiffres:

1) 2.13 gt de CO2 = 1ppm (Trenberth, 1981 JGR 86:5238-46)

2)  3.5 gt de CO2 pour le Québec pour 75 ans

 - Ceci nous donne donc 1.64 ppm sauvée

                                                         

3) Selon le GIEC AR5, doublement de CO2 depuis 280ppmv = 1.5°C

 - Ceci nous donne 1.64 ppmv * 1.5°C / 280 ppmv (doublement)

 = 0,0088 °C sur 75 ans.

Combien couterait en $$$ cette aventure pour "sauver" 0,0088°C sur 75 ans...

Serions-nous capables de le mesurer ?

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Je suis l'heureux proprio d'une Nissan Leaf "full" électrique... je me suis pausé la même question... combien de Leaf doit t’ont mettre sur la route pour sauvée 1ppmv de CO2 ?

http://simonfiliatrault.blogspot.ca/2014/10/how-much-global-warming-will-i-save.html

C'est beau sur papier tout ces projets, mais quand on fait le calcul cout/bénéfice... ça ne tient pas la route!

Certains diront... mais il faut faire quelque chose!  OK, mais pas ça!